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In descriptive statistics, a box plot or boxplot is a convenient way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles. Box plots may also have lines extending vertically from the boxes (''whiskers'') indicating variability outside the upper and lower quartiles, hence the terms box-and-whisker plot and box-and-whisker diagram. Outliers may be plotted as individual points. Box plots are non-parametric: they display variation in samples of a statistical population without making any assumptions of the underlying statistical distribution. The spacings between the different parts of the box indicate the degree of dispersion (spread) and skewness in the data, and show outliers. In addition to the points themselves, they allow one to visually estimate various L-estimators, notably the interquartile range, midhinge, range, mid-range, and trimean. Boxplots can be drawn either horizontally or vertically. ==Types of boxplots== Box and whisker plots are uniform in their use of the box: the bottom and top of the box are always the first and third quartiles, and the band inside the box is always the second quartile (the median). But the ends of the whiskers can represent several possible alternative values, among them: * the minimum and maximum of all of the data (as in Figure 2) * the lowest datum still within 1.5 IQR of the lower quartile, and the highest datum still within 1.5 IQR of the upper quartile (often called the Tukey boxplot)〔 (as in Figure 3) * one standard deviation above and below the mean of the data * the 9th percentile and the 91st percentile * the 2nd percentile and the 98th percentile. Any data not included between the whiskers should be plotted as an outlier with a dot, small circle, or star, but occasionally this is not done. Some box plots include an additional character to represent the mean of the data.〔 On some box plots a crosshatch is placed on each whisker, before the end of the whisker. Rarely, box plots can be presented with no whiskers at all. Because of this variability, it is appropriate to describe the convention being used for the whiskers and outliers in the caption for the plot. The unusual percentiles 2%, 9%, 91%, 98% are sometimes used for whisker cross-hatches and whisker ends to show the seven-number summary. If the data is normally distributed, the locations of the seven marks on the box plot will be equally spaced. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Box plot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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